13. Finance costs

for the year ended

31 December 2012 December 2011
(restated)
Interest expense on loans and borrowings 109,760 116,339
Realization of hedging instruments (IRS) 1,107 696
Interest expense on issued bonds 108,926 70,580
Impact of hedging instruments valuation on interest expense on issued bonds 1,694 (1,144)
Realization of hedging instruments (CIRS) (3,428) (4,190)
Foreign exchange differences on issued bonds (112,143) 169,376
Guarantee fees 366 226
Bank and other charges 4,500 3,509
Total 110,782 355,392